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Grades level iconsGrades 6–8
Session time icon2 Sessions, 60-90 Minutes Each
Genre information iconSTEM
Resource type iconLessons

Technically Speaking

by 826 National, based on a workshop by Mai Lee
In this lesson, students will learn the basics of engineering to craft awesome paper airplanes and practice technical writing to recreate their designs.
What Your Students Will Learn

In this lesson, students will learn the basics of engineering and technical writing by drafting instructions to create a paper airplane.

Common Core Standards
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.6.2 Common Core Standards Icon
Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.6.2.B Common Core Standards Icon
Develop the topic with relevant facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples.
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.6.2.D Common Core Standards Icon
Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.7.2 Common Core Standards Icon
Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.7.2.B Common Core Standards Icon
Develop the topic with relevant facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples.
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.7.2.D Common Core Standards Icon
Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.8.2.B Common Core Standards Icon
Develop the topic with relevant, well-chosen facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples.
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.8.2 Common Core Standards Icon
Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.W.8.2.D Common Core Standards Icon
Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.
Session 1
Timer
1 hour
Engineering Airplanes
There’s a lot more to paper airplanes than just paper. Here, students explore the engineering behind these foldable fliers. They also practice their technical writing skills by learning to write clear, concise instructions.
Session 2
Timer
95 Minutes
Make It Better
All engineering requires reengineering. Here, students use their newfound knowledge to improve their planes and their instructions.
Introduction :

In this lesson, students will learn the basics of engineering and technical writing, incredibly useful skills for STEM professionals. They will also learn that despite its crushingly boring name, technical writing can be interesting and fun because it’s kind of like completing a puzzle: all of the pieces need to fit together to create a bigger picture. It’s also hugely important. In the STEM fields, collaboration requires communication, and technical writing is a big part of that. Clear technical writing means that complex, critical procedures are followed correctly; bad technical writing can lead to messes of all kinds. Just think of what happens in the kitchen when a recipe goes awry!

Technical writing is especially important in engineering, where instructions must be followed closely. In this low-stakes scenario, students will discover how readers may interpret their writing differently from how it was intended, and will learn to write clearly and concisely through trial and error. All the while, students will learn what’s at the heart and soul of engineering by playing with a common object—the paper airplane. (Yes, we said play. For many of the best scientists and engineers, their work is all brilliant fun.) As a bonus, students will get to reinforce geometry concepts. Most students have a mental image of who scientists are and what they do, even if it’s not entirely accurate and based on stereotypes. Like many people, students imagine a “mad scientist” with wild hair and a lab coat who’s up to no good, creating doomsday devices or monsters through gene splicing. But when you ask them to imagine an engineer, they come up empty.

So, what is an engineer? How is an engineer different from a scientist? And why do good engineers also need to know how to write? This may be simplifying it a bit, but in short:

  • Scientists seek knowledge about the way the world works. (The word “scientist” comes from the Latin word meaning “to know”)
  • Engineers seek solutions to problems. (The word “engineer” comes from the Latin for “to produce or bring forth.”)

 

There’s a lot of overlap between the two fields. Scientists try to uncover knowledge that can then be translated to solving problems, and sometimes they design the apparatuses that will help them do that. Engineers design solutions (whether a new bridge, a piece of software, or a medical device) using well-established scientific principles, and they sometimes make discoveries while engineering those solutions.

If your students are still having trouble picturing what an engineer does, tell them to think of Iron Man Tony Stark, who earned two master’s degrees in engineering from MIT and engineers his own equipment. Then remind them that most engineers don’t battle nefarious villains with jet-packed armor suits, but that their work is still cool and important.

Regardless of their primary goals, scientists and engineers go about their work in very similar ways. The practices of science and engineering are both fundamentally processes of feedback and iteration. Engineers try things out, observe results, and use those observations to improve things for next time, not all that differently from how scientists continuously refine hypotheses and theories.

Now, not everyone is interested in the sciences (for example, physics, chemistry, or biology) or engineering fields (for example, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, bioengineering, or civil engineering). But the steps scientists and engineers use are helpful to all. Whether they are building a rocket or painting a starry night, people try things out, make observations, and attempt to do things better next time. As Nobel Prize-winning playwright Samuel Beckett wrote, “Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try again. Fail again. Fail better.” Engineer Henry Petrovski of Duke University said it a little differently in the title of one of his books: To Engineer Is Human.

  • Educator Note: In addition to the Common Core Writing Standards listed above, this lesson is also aligned to Next Generation Science Standards PS2.A, PS3.C, ETS1-B, and ETS1-C for grades 6-8. You can read the full text of the standards and learn more about them at www.nextgenscience.org/next-generation-science-standards.
Materials

Session One

Session Two

  • Tape measures (as many as possible, to allow for multiple tests at once)
  • Technically Speaking Session Two—Handout
    • 1 per student
  • Yardsticks (optional)
  • Masking tape (optional)
  • String (optional)
  • Stopwatches or other timers (optional)
  • Prizes (optional; origami foil paper works well)
Session 1: Engineering Airplanes
You Will Need
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From This Publication

STEM to Story: Enthralling and Effective Lesson Plans for Grades 5-8 inspires learning through fun, engaging, and meaningful lesson plans that fuse hands-on discovery in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) with creative writing. The workshop activities within the book are the innovative result of a partnership between 826 National's proven creative writing model and Time Warner Cable's Connect a Million Minds, an initiative dedicated to connecting young people to the wonders of STEM through hands-on learning. Authentically aligned with both the Common Core State Standards and the Next Generation Science Standards, this book provides teachers, after-school and out-of-school providers, and parents with field-tested lessons, workshops, and projects designed by professionals in each field. Including reflective observations by arts and science celebrities like Jon Scieszka, Mayim Bialik, and Steve Hockensmith, lessons feature bonus activities, fun facts, and teaching points for instructors at every level. These quirky, exploratory lessons will effectively awaken student imaginations and passions for both STEM and creative writing, encourage identity with scientific endeavors, and make both science and writing fun.

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